[phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 483: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/bbcode.php on line 112: preg_replace(): The /e modifier is no longer supported, use preg_replace_callback instead [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/functions.php on line 4668: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at [ROOT]/includes/functions.php:3815) [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/functions.php on line 4670: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at [ROOT]/includes/functions.php:3815) [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/functions.php on line 4671: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at [ROOT]/includes/functions.php:3815) [phpBB Debug] PHP Warning: in file [ROOT]/includes/functions.php on line 4672: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at [ROOT]/includes/functions.php:3815) Horror World • View topic - My new Blog
In addition to all the other madness in my life I have now added a weekly blog. Why? Because weird shit happens to me throuhout the course of a week and some of it may actually interest someone. Besides, I'm an opinionated mutherfucker and editorials have none of the safe ambiguity of fiction. Ready for some undiluted Wrath? Then go to http://wordsofwrath.blogspot.com My first real blog entry will be tonight. This should be fun.
Good stuff, Wrath. I'll make sure to stop by for my weekly dose of words.
As for your entries...
I agree with you in regard to corporal punishment. Sadly, the abusive minority (at least I'm hoping they are the minority) have ruined it for the reaonsable majority. Every time I see a spoiled, undisciplined child I cringe. I'm particularly annoyed when the parent catches my expression and looks at me like I'm the unruly one. It leaves me with the desire to inflict corporal punishment upon the parent while the child watches so I can say, "this is what happens when you misbehave."
In regard to your work ethic, I have a great deal of respect for a man who earns his way and takes care of his family. As a fan of your brand of fiction, I wish you could quit the daily grind, too, to focus on your writing among other things. It's a selfish wish on my part, but I blame you for creating such engrossing stories. I don't know how much of a difference it will make toward your goal, but you can count on me to purchase every book you release, and spread the gospel to the unconverted masses.
Thanks Mike. I agree that corporal punishment should never lead to out and out child abuse. I always maintain that you should discipline a child immediately, meaning before you get mad at them. If you tell a kid something three or four times and then try to discipline them once you're screaming mad there's more of a chance of abusing the child. I give one warning and then a swat on the ass if I'm not obeyed. As a result I rarely need to raise a hand to my child. Probably not more than once or twice a year now. In the beginning it was more often of course until he learned.
Go check out the latest entry. I'm curious to hear your thoughts on it. I'll probably make a couple entries this weekend so keep checking. Take care.
Wow, this is what happens when I don't check my online spots over a four day weekend.
I've got plenty to say about your posts on religion and the nature of man, but it will have to wait until tomorrow. I'm just taking a much needed short break while I'm catching up on all the work emergencies.
Keep the words flowing, I'll definitely keep reading and responding.
After two attempts to write up my impressions of the Religion and Nature of Man blog entries, here they finally are. My previous attempts were too self-serving in my opinion, I went on to write long diatribes of my adolescent woes, and strayed too far off topic.
On religion, I'm sorry to know that it lead to a sort of rift in your relationship with your mother. I'm not assuming that you two aren't as close as you used to be, but I understand how things are different now. I can sympathize from similar experiences. During an extremely challenging low point in her life, my mother discovered a televangelist who promised to pray for her if she sent a "donation". I found it particularly ironic because he would offer three prayers a month. Sounds too much like a genie in my opinion. Wouldn't that make a good story? A jinn masquerading as a televangelist. Maybe I'll try to write it someday. Anyway, she's still giving money she can't afford to this day, no matter how many conversations I've had with her. But that's not the root of my disbelief, just a contributor.
I don't hate religion, just aspects of it (I'm not assuming you hate it in its entirety either). I can't believe in most of them because of the inherent hypocrisy and elitism. I ask silly questions like, why are people born of Jewish women the only ones born into being the chosen? Why did Christ only appear to one small section of people, and not ignore the majority of the rest of the world? Were conquesting colonialists the best way to spread his word? Why should an eternity of sameness in paradise be more appealing than a lifetime of free choice and challenge? Too many questions that have never been answered sufficiently in my opinion.
As for the nature of man, I agree in many regards. But I have to ask, are you referring to man as in humans, or man as in gender? In either case, I would still agree. That still leaves the question of women who feel the need to procreate with many partners. I can understand the compulsion of the males of most species need to spread their seed (my apologies to other fans who might find this a sexist comment), but do females feel the compulsion to have their eggs fertilized by the seeds of many?
You might note a hint of bitterness in my words. I've been with many cheating women, and yet when I enter into a committed relationship I never cheat (not that I haven't been tempted on many occassions). I seem to have a compulsion to the opposite, but I feel it is an exception rather than the norm. It stems from the fact that my father cheated on my mother regularly, which lead to a great deal of pain for my immediate family for many years. So, I don't consider my case noble, it's more of a mental problem. Ultimately, I'm not trying to pass judgement on people's motivations for cheating or not. I learned a while back to try to remain objective as possible if I'm not directly involved.
I'm not sure if this is the sort of response you expected. Still some whiney diatribe on my part, but much less than my previous attempts. I find your blog entries to be fascinating and enlightening. There's no inherent right or wrong, just personal beliefs and philosophies. Now that I'm caught up with these, I'm going to dive into your two latest entries.
I wouldn't call that a "whiney diatribe" at all Mike. aybe I'm jaded but I didn't read your response as being particularly bitter towards woimen or anyone else. You were just relating your personal experiences just as I was. I was definitely speaking about human males in my post about the nature of man. I do believe that women are basically monogamous creatures so long as they are content. Women cheat for much different reasons than men. Means and opportunity are all that are generally required for a man to cheat when he finds himself attracted to another woman. A woman generally cheats when there is something seriously wrong with the relationship and she has lost respect for her man. That's why they assume that men have no respect for them when they cheat, because they assume our motivations are the same as theirs. They are not. A man can love one woman and sleep with another. A woman is usually falling or has fallen out of love when she strays. As with all such generalizations there are exceptions however.
As for religion, my biggest problem is the idea that faith and knowledge are equal. That belief without evidence holds the same weight as knowledge that has been weighed and tested. The litmus tests of all claims is that there must be a situation under which a claim is true and under which it would be false. For instance if I said, "water freezes at 32 degrees fahrenheight" we could test it by reducing some water to 32 degrees and if it freezes the statement is true. If it doesn't the statement is false and we cease to believe in it. Real knowledge has predictive power. If water freezes at 32 degrees you can predict that a certain body of water will start to freeze when the temperature drops. Faith has no predictive power. God loves me. Ask any Christian under what circumstances that statement would be false and his answer will be that it could never be false. Ask them how we could prove it a true or false statement and you will get countless examples of how to prove that it is true and not one on how to test to see if it is false. All that you ask in the name of the lord Jesus Christ shall be granted. Seems like a pretty straightforward simple enough claim. We should be able to design a test of this claim. But try it and when it fails you will hear "It wasn't God's will" or "Your faith wasn't strong enough" or a dozen other excuses. Everything except the statement was false. That makes religious discussions the most pointless and tedious imaginable. That's why my mother and I don't discuss religion. She still thinks I'll rejoin the herd someday and I simply reply to her that once you know you cannot unknow.
I look forward to reading more of your replies Mike. Take care.
Joined: Fri Mar 04, 2005 1:57 am Posts: 39 Location: HELL-A
Here are my two cents
Nature of Man
We exist as human beings on two levels; with bodies and minds. We attempt to enforce a set of Puritanical moral codes that contradict our physical desires. This is just another of the many ridiculous hypocrisies people try to impose upon themselves and others.
If we would only be honest with ourselves, then we'd acknowledge the fact that we are sexually attracted to more than one individual. This is not a violation of any love promise made to one woman, it's just instinct, that pre-loaded software package in our brains. On the purely physical plane, we have instinct and hormones constantly influencing our thoughts. This combination comes into play when a man sees an attractive woman walking by. She stimulates his senses. He doesn't know what she's thinking he only sees her physical attributes. They make him feel good.
He has fantasies of what it would be like to kiss her, to feel her body against his; to make love to her. Seconds after, a second thought, guilt, may come barging in. "I'm a married man" or "I've got a girlfriend" or "How could I betray her like that?" It's absurd that a man should feel guilt for something over which he has no control.
Let's not forget movies, television and printed media. James Bond, the ultimate womanizer, immediately comes to mind. What about these soap operas that millions of women sit glued to their televisions watching? The appeal of most of them is in watching the main characters have affairs. Now there's a show on Fox called "Temptation Island"(which should really be called "Sexual Survivor") where young couples are placed on an island. The men and women are separated to opposite sides inhabited by horny singles whose sole mission is to seduce these committed people. The ratings for this show have been phenomenal! And how about that riveting drama in the tabloids as well as mainstream newspapers that unfolded in the White House a few years ago? You remember, Bill Clinton and "I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Ms. Lewinsky" Monica Lewinsky?
Religion.
As one Militant Atheist too another.
First off I have a few Questions:
If God is all-powerful, why did he take 6 days to create the universe, resting on the 7th? Why didn't he just snap his proverbial fingers and create everything all at once, and not need rest afterwards? Doesn't sound so all-powerful to me.
If God knows the future, why does he make mistakes? He should have known he would regret the flood, and that Sodom and Gomorra would be full of sinners, etc.
Why does God need to be "served", and why can't we do it from heaven?
Yes, we have free will, but God already knows who will sin, who will accept Him, etc., for all eternity (since he has perfect knowledge of the future). Why then, are we here? Why not just send our souls to Heaven or Hell, depending on what he knows we'll do?
Why does God care if he is praised? He is this all-knowing, super being, why does he care if we mere humans give him credit for creating the universe?
How can you justify the fact that this merciful, loving god is sending all non-<insert your religion here>'s to Hell, no matter how good they are? Even those from before Christ was born went to hell. However, terrible people, including Hitler and Jeffrey Dahmer, could go to Heaven if they accepted God before death.
Why does this wonderful, forgiving God hold Adam's sin over all our heads? Why must we all pay for this by being permanent sinners? If God was so pissed, why didn't he just kill Adam and Eve and start over? Again, this is God's choice, so they're going to have to explain why God chooses to hold this incredible grudge.
Where did God come from? How did he get created? Why is it a valid argument to say that He "always existed", but an invalid argument to say the same thing about matter and energy? (Time did not exist before the big bang.)
Only 10-15% of the world is presently Christian. Does that mean 85-90% of the world is going to hell, along with 100% of those who had the misfortune of being born before Christ's time?
Is god (Christian God, Muslim Allah, whatever) the embodiment of peace, love, forgiveness, and mercy? If so then why the outbursts of wrath? Destroying whole cities, sending plagues, sending souls to hell for eternity, and smiting his enemies doesn't sound very good to me. Sounds more like what Satan would do. In fact, here's a little theory of mine, which will no doubt get me branded a devil-worshipper: God is really Satan and vice versa. Think about it. "God" is egomaniacal and requires you to worship Him under threat of eternal damnation. Good or evil? "God" says "Take no other gods before me" under threat of eternal damnation. If He is really so great then there should be no harm in allowing people to try out other religions, right? "God" claims to be all-powerful, yet regularly lets His followers down in battles and in their prayers, and doesn't visibly intervene in world affairs. Heaven, when you really look at it, is an authoritarian place where for all eternity you forgo "sinful" activities like sex, drinking, and rock music, and instead do nothing but sing praises to Him. Hell is where you get sent for having fun. Remember, Satan was cast out of Heaven for questioning God's authority. After that, all the bad things you hear about Hell come from...you guessed it, God.
As a militant atheist I do not simply dismiss the notion of a god; I dismiss the notion of anything supernatural. This includes faith healing, auras, ESP, angels, ghosts, telekinesis, souls, spirits, curses, superstitions, and fiscally-responsible Democrats. (OK, I made that last one up. Supernatural phenomena, including gods, are constructs of the human imagination and perpetuated by hopes, ignorance, societal traditions & peer pressure, and a need to believe in something greater than yourself. Religion is used to preserve the power structure of authorities. It is used to explain that which science has not yet explained. It gives comfort during times of grief.
Unfortunately, people can be stubborn and will continue to cling to beliefs even in the face of contradictory evidence. This has caused numerous unfortunate confrontations between science and religion. Science has the upper hand in logic and rationale, but religion has typically had the upper hand in power. Thus you get Galileo being forced to renounce his own discoveries, teachers being prosecuted for teaching evolution (remember Clarence Darrow?), and countless unrecorded instances of scientists and scholars being silenced, persecuted and even killed when their theories or discoveries clash with official dogma.
Religion not only curtails intellectual freedom but general freedoms as well. Christians can point to groups like fundamentalist Muslims (e.g. the Taliban) who severely and ruthlessly punish people for silly things like trimming your beard (men) or not covering yourself completely (women). But no religion is immune from extremism, the desire to prove to your god that you are the most loyal. Christianity has only risen above such behavior in recent history. Even today, how would a Christian feel about questioning the authority of his pastor or priest? A number of religions prohibit you from eating certain foods, some on certain days, some always. Most religions discriminate against homosexuals--which is ironic considering how many allow bigamy. Nearly all religions ask that you give some of your time to worshipping in special buildings (temples, churches, mosques, etc.), time which especially in harder times would be better spent resting or tending to crops or other necessary work.
And religions are partisan and divisive. How many wars in history were religious? The Muslims even have a word for it: jihad, or Holy War. Christians hate Muslims, Hindus hate Buddhists, Muslims hate Hindus, and it seems every religion hates Jews. You don't even need to be a different religion! Just look at the conflicts between Protestants and Catholics in Ireland.
In Closing
At its core, religion was invented to explain the unexplainable. Primitive peoples explained fire, wind, etc. with spirits. Afterlives were offered as a comfort against death, and later as a reward/punishment system. Knowledge has always been power, and those who "knew" the most about the gods were elevated to positions of power because of the belief that they were somehow closer to the gods. The blending of religion and politics was inevitable as leaders realized that religion could be used to keep people in line and to justify otherwise questionable deeds (like wars). Atheists see this and recognize religion for what it is: mythos given the power of authority through peer pressure, exclusivity, and tradition. In his fiction novel "Contact," Carl Sagan refers to the bible as "half barbarian history, half fairy tales." Christians may be incensed by such insensitivity toward their holy book, but should ask themselves how much sensitivity they have for other religions' holy books. Indeed, they should read of the gross insensitivity (to put it mildly) contained in their own cherished bible.
I hope that after reading all this you don't think I hate Christians. I don't. In fact, some of my best friends are Christians. I've often thought I'd make a good politician, in part because I know I could treat all religious beliefs equally. I'm not beholden to Jerry Falwell, the Pope, or any other religious special interest. I would not seek to have your children worship my god in their schools. I do have a disregard for fundamentalists, evangelicals, and other intolerant nutcases. I'll bow my head if someone says a mealtime prayer. I have no qualms about attending religious weddings and wakes in churches. But I will not and can not accept Christianity or any other religion as a part of my beliefs.
Well it was more like five cents.
:P
_________________ Zombie "TheJesus" Dirge is a writer for Los Angeles Times "Business Section. He lives with his pet lizard that is addicted to crack, a girl whose name he can't remember, and a smell that has being lingering for years.
Now that was a diatribe. Welcome to the party Zombie. I suspect that sexual repression has religious dogma at its root just as all religious dogmas have political power at its root. There is no mightier weapon than guilt. If you are able to make the masses of men feel that they are sick, demented and in need of help and you then set yourself and your organization up as the sole source of that help, then you can wield power over them. Man's own guilt is far less expensive and far more effective than the policeman's club. Make a man feel that his own sexual impulses are wrong and in need of correction and that the only possible cure lies in you and you can practically hook up an IV to his bank account and drain it dry for a lifetime. Every time he has a "sinful thought" that's money in the collection plate.
As for the many contradictions in Christian religion. You mentioned some good ones. Adam and Eve. Sodom and Gomorra. The Great Flood. The question at the root of all of that should be "How could an omniscient creator make mistakes?" As you said, he knows the future so how come he couldn't predict those failures? How could he have failures to begin with? The freewill argument doesn't work when you have an all-knowing entity that is also the creator. See, if he's all-knowing then he would have known before he created each individual, everything that individual would do from birth to death. And if he knew what they did before he created them it can be argued that he created those individuals to do those things. Many Christians would concur with this assessment and say that all of this was part of God's plan and we are just incapable of understanding it. I'd agree with that if God didn't get angry when these things happen and punish man for them. If it's all a part of God's plan than what's he so mad about? What is he sending people to hell and burning down cities for?
If God created a person with certain traits and set that individual in a certain environment a reasonably intelligent deity could predict the outcome. An all-knowing deity should be ashamed of himself. Take Adam and Eve. Create an intelligent, curious, and adventurous creature and place it in proximity of the forbidden and a fifth grader could predict the result. An all-knowing deity should be ashamed at its self. It's like if I were to create a being that likes Pepsi. How do I know he likes Pepsi? Because 1) I created him and authored all his drives and desires and 2) I am all-knowing. I then give this being a choice between Pepsi and Coke. What does it mean to say that that being could have picked Coke when I knew damn well it wouldn't because I created him! Freewill is an illusion if the creator is omniscient.
All-knowing is not sometime knowing. It is not mostly-knowing. It is knowing all, everytime, all the time! That means that past, present, and future would exist on the same plane for this being. That means that this being would know everything you would ever do from birth to death before he ever created you. That means that he created beings knowing they would sin and go to hell. He created all the people in Sodom and Gomorra knowing that they would be sinners. He created Adam knowing he would eat of the fruit. He created Hitler knowing he would kill 8million jews. And being the creator he had the option to not create such beings or to place these beings in locations and circumstances that would not lead to them becoming sinners. Would Hitler have killed 8 million jews if he'd been born in New York in 1980? I seriously doubt it. His evil was born out of that particular combination of time, place, nurturing, and character. All things an all-knowing God would have to have predicted. All things a reasonably intelligent God should have been able to predict. Freewill just doesn't let him off the hook. Either God is not all-knowing or he just doesn't give a fuck.
The bible is filled with instances of God going "Whoops!". He had to destroy the earth and try all over again. Not something an all-knowing God would have had to do. I don't want to harp on Christianity too much though. It's just that you brought it up specifically. All religions have problems at thier root and in my opinion that problem is faith. The idea that it is reasonable and desirable to fill the gaps in one's knowledge with dogmatic belief rather than waiting until true knowledge can be acquired. This attitude has always been a hinderance to the pursuit of knowledge. It is intellectual laziness. I whole-heartedly believe that were so many of the world's population not already convinced that they know the answer to how the universe was created and what man's purpose on earth is, what our origins were, and what our future will be, than we would have genuine answers to these questions by now. Scientifically proven, verifiable answers. The faithful tend to be those who have all the answers without knowing most of the questions, because of course, questioning is a sin.
Joined: Mon Feb 12, 2007 11:06 am Posts: 177 Location: Portland, OR
I'm bumping up an old topic, but since this board could use a little life I don't believe anyone will mind.
I wanted to address the idea of sexual habits of men and women. I notice that many are auguring the point that men are naturally more promiscuous then women due to biological programming. I have to wonder how much of this idea is fact and how much is social programming.
It is common stated, as it was in this discussion, that men have a natural desire to spread their speed to as many potential mates. This does make biological sense. Practices such as this would promote genetic diversity and the continuation of the human species. What does not make sense to me is why this makes women then naturally monogamous. Can only one sex be promiscuous?
Consider this. Until modern times, the general living habits for humans have not been in couples, but group together in tribes. In these conditions, surviving could be very difficult, and a mother keeping her child alive could face many challenges. In extreme cases (famine, war, etc...), a mother could not depend on men, other then the child's father, to aid in the child's survival. To eliminate this problem, women would sleep around with other men in the tribe to make it unclear who the child's real father was. I am not talking about open polyamory in the tribe, but the "wife" "cheating" behind her "husband's" back (I put husband and wife in quotes because that is another societal scam). By doing this, the child's, and thus the tribes, survival was greatly ensured.
Wrath himself detailed in one blog entry that the idea of monogamy does not exist in other animal species, so why should it in humans? I believe that it is human nature to desire sex with many partners, as this will survive the survival of humanity. These ideas of cheating and the reasons and excuses that go with it are just the effects of a society attempting to control how the individual uses their own body.
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